Latvian HOWTO
Artis Trops mailto:hornet@navigators.lv
v1.5, 2002-06-19
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Ãî dokumenta mçrÃis ir kopîgiem spçkiem iegût latvieðu valodas atbalstu
operâciju sistçmâ Linux. Note to English readers: The aim of this document is
to describe GNU/Linux localization issues specific for Latvian users.
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Copyright (c) 2001 Artis Trops.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Section being "Priekðvârds", with no
Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
Autortiesîbas (c) 2001 Artis Trops.
Tiek dota atïauja kopçt, izplatît un/vai modificçt ðo dokumentu saskaòâ
ar GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licences, Versijas 1.1 vai jebkuras vçlâkas
versijas, kuru publicçjis Brîvâs Programmatûras Fonds, nosacîjumiem;
ar Bezvariantu Paragrâfu "Priekðvârds", bez Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem
un bez Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstiem.
Licences kopija ir iekïauta paragrâfâ ar nosaukumu "GNU
Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licence".
1. Priekðvârds
Katrs Linux lietotâjs Latvijâ ir saskâries ar sekojoðu problçmu: mûsu
iecienîtajai operâciju sistçmai nav latvieðu valodas.. Arî informâcijas par to,
kâ Linuxam iemâcît runât ar mums latviski, ir vai nu ïoti maz, vai arî, ja kaut
ko tomçr izdodas sameklçt, tâ ir lietotâjiem grûti saprotama, un ar
latviskoðanas realizçðanu sâkas problçmas. Ão problçmu tad arî kopâ centîsimies
risinât.
Ãis Latvian-HOWTO ir tapis sadarbîbâ ar LL10NT_(Latvian_Localization_Team),
tâpçc, ja rodas kâdas problçmas vai jautâjumi sakarâ ar Linux latviskoðanas
lietâm, griezieties pçc palîdzîbas LL10NT forumâ vai arî IRCnet kanâlâ #ll10nt.
Savu iespçju robeþâs centîsimies rast risinâjumu. Protams, visi mîïi aicinâti
arî piebiedroties LL10NT komandai un darboties tâ, lai latvieðu valodas
atbalstu Linux operâciju sistçmâ padarîtu vçl plaðâku un labâku. Gribçtu vçl
piebilst un atgâdinât, ka ðis Latvian-HOWTO ne tuvu nav perfekts un pabeigts,
tâpçc vçlos, lai jûs ziòotu, ja atrodiet ðeit kâdu kïûdu. Neturiet arî sveci
zem pûra, ja ziniet, kâ latviskoðanu Linuxâ varçtu padarît vçl efektîvâku un
çrtâku.
Tâ kâ mums visiem ne seviðÃi patîk lasît garus un apnicîgus tekstus par tçmu,
kuru var pateikt pâris vârdos, pie tam visu vienmçr gribas âtri un uzreiz,
centîðos ðo Latvian-HOWTO saglabât iespçjami îsâku un skaidrâku ar mçrÃi, lai
jûs maksimâli îsâ laikâ varçtu strâdât Linuxâ, lietojot latvieðu valodu. Saturu
mçìinâðu izklâstît viegli saprotamâ valodâ, lai pçc iespçjas padarîtu visai
sareþìîto latviskoðanas procedûru vienkârðâku un saprotamâku katram.
Pats gan es dotajâ brîdî lietoju Linux Mandrake. Ceru, ka ðeit aprakstîtie
padomi strâdâs bez problçmâm arî citos distributîvos. Katrâ ziòâ par savu
latviskoðanas pieredzi (labu vai sliktu) darbâ ar citâm Linux distribûcijâm
ziòojiet.
Latvian-HOWTO jaunâkâ versija atrodama http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt.
Pateicos visiem tiem, kuri ar savâm idejâm, kritiku un atbalstu ir devuði
ieguldîjumu gan ðî dokumenta pilnveidç, gan arî latvieðu valodas atbalstam
atvçrtâ un brîvâ koda programmatûrâs.
Bet.. kâ Andris Maiziks aka Andzha ir teicis - neaizmirstiet, ka datori ir
eksperimentâla zinâtne..
Tâtad - ieteikumi, labojumi un papildinâjumi laipni gaidîti... un uz priekðu!
2. Xlogi (Xwindow)
2.1 Nepiecieðamie faili
Lai realizçtu latvieðu valodas atbalstu X11 vidç, jums bûs nepiecieðami
sekojoðie faili:
* lv  (ja vçlaties rakstît ar labo Alt taustiòu)
* lva (ja vçlaties rakstît ar apastrofa ' taustiòu)
* lvt (ja vçlaties rakstît ar tildes ~ taustiòu)
* Compose
Tie atrodami ðeit: X-files.tar.gz
2.2 Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Tagad, kad vajadzîgie faili ir iegûti, nepiecieðams tos salikt îstajâs vietâs.
Piezîme: Ja lietojat kâdu no pçdçjâm XFree86 versijâm (sâkot ar 4.1.0), jûs jau
varat latviski rakstît bez jebkâdas papildus failu modificçðanas, specifisko
rakstzîmju iegûðanai izmanotojot labo Alt - lai ðo iespçju aktivizçtu, izpildâm
komandu setxkbdmap lv.
Izvçlamies sev pieòemamâko speicâlâs rakstzîmes iegûðanas veidu un kopçjam
attiecîgo failu norâdîtajâ direktorijâ, piemçram:
# cp lv /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/
Domâju, ka bûtu lieki atgâdinât, ka, lai veiktu nepiecieðamâs darbîbas, ir
jâbût root tiesîbâm.
Lai aktivizçtu mçmâ taustiòa pareizu darbîbu, attiecîgajâ vietâ kopçjam failu
Compose. Taèu ðeit ir viena nianse. Ja savu Linuxu esiet instalçjuði izmantojot
anglisko saskarni, tad visticamâk, ka lokâles ir pçc noklusçjuma ieslçgtas
iso8859-1 reþîmâ. Taèu, ja instalçjât tâ, ka instalâcijas process notika
latvieðu valodâ, kâ to darîju es, tad lokâles pçc noklusçjuma jau pareizi ir
ieslçgtas iso8859-13 reþîmâ. Izejot no jûsu konkrçtâs situâcijas tad arî tur
kopçjam failu Compose. Ja ne nieka no augstâkminçtâ nesapratât, tad labâk
iekopçjiet Compose abos lokâles variantos - droðs paliek nedroðs - un gan jau
nekas slikts nenotiks.. ;->
# cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/
# cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-13/
Kad tas ir izdarîts, izpildâm jau iepriekðminçto komandu setxkbmap lv (lv vietâ
var bût arî lva vai lvt - atkarîbâ no jûsu izvçles) un mçìinâm kaut ko
uzrakstît latviski.
Ja tests ir izdevies, tad jûs noteikti vçlçsieties saglabât latvieðu valodu
Xwindow sistçmâ un padarît to pieejamu un izmantojamu arî pçc datora vai Xu
pârstartçðanas, tâpçc papildus ir jâmodificç /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 fails (ja
lietojam XFree86 4.x.x) tâ, lai iegûtu Option "XkbLayout" "lv". Piemçrs:
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard1"
Driver "Keyboard"
Option "AutoRepeat" "250 30"
Option "XkbRules" "xfree86"
Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
Option "XkbLayout" "lv"
EndSection
Piezîme: Ja lietojat XFree86 3.x.x versiju, tâ kâ primâro izmantos failu /etc/
X11/XF86Config. Piemçrs:
Section "Keyboard"
Protocol "Standard"
XkbKeycodes "xfree86"
XkbTypes "default"
XkbCompat "default"
XkbSymbols "us(pc105)"
XkbGeometry "pc"
XkbRules "xfree86"
XkbModel "pc105"
XkbLayout "lv"
EndSection
2.3 Fonti
No ðî brîþa latvieðu teksta ievades sistçmai vajadzçtu strâdât, taèu, lai
gaidîtais rezultâts tiktu atbilstoði attçlots arî uz ekrâna, ir nepiecieðami
fonti, kuri atbalsta iso8859-13 kodçjumu vai Unicode. Linuxâ iespçjams arî
strâdât ar True Type fontiem. Detalizçtâka informâcija rodama Font-HOWTO vai
vçl konkrçtâk TrueType Fonts with XFree86 4.0.x mini-HOWTO. Pagaidâm ðajâ
dokumentâ fontu instalâcija aprakstîta netiks, jo uz doto brîdi tas ir ârpus
Latvian-HOWTO uzdevuniem un mçrÃiem. Iespçjams, ka nâkotnç tiks iekïauts arî
îsais eksperimentâlais kurss fontu instalçðanâ.
3. Konsole
Pirms pievçrðamies konsoles latviskoðanai, gribçtu piezimçt, ka konsole nav
terminâlis X logos.. Konsoli iegûstam, piespieþot Ctrl+Alt+Fn, kur Fn - kâds no
funkciju taustiòiem.
3.1 Nepiecieðamie faili
Ãoti iespçjams, ka visi minimâli nepiecieðamie faili konsoles latviskoðanai jau
atrodas jûsu datorâ (/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/lv-latin7.kmap.gz un /
usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/tlat7.psf.gz vai lat7-14.psf.gz) un neko papildus
kopçt nav nepiecieðams. Ja jums to nav, tad noderçs ðî failu pakotne:
* konsole-files.tar.gz
3.2 Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Pieòemot, ka izmantojam piedâvâto failu pakotni, izpildâm:
# cp lv-latin7.kmap.gz /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/
# cp lv.psf.gz /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/
Tagad jaunâs iespçjas ir nepiecieðams aktivizçt, tâpçc izpildâm:
$ consolechars -f lv -m straight-to-font
$ loadkeys lv-latin7
Piezîme: Tie, kuri izmanto jau esoðos failus, pie consolechars nomaina lv uz
savu fontu, tâ vietâ rakstot, teiksim, lat7-14. Taèu es tomçr ieteiktu lietot
fontu lv, jo tas labâk izskatâs tâdâs programmâs, kâ mc un citâs.
Tagad varam mçìinât veikt nelielu pârbaudi, lai redzçtu, vai latvieðu valoda
strâdâ konsoles reþîmâ. Specifiskos latvieðu valodas simbolus iegûstam,
lietojot AltGr (labo Alt taustiòu) kopâ ar nepiecieðamo rakstu zîmi.
Lai katru reizi nebûtu jâizpilda consolechars un loadkeys, varam izveidot
augstâkminçto komandu saturoðu miniskriptu lvkonsole un pçc tam, lai to
palaiþot viegli atrastu:
# cp lvkonsole /usr/local/bin
3.3 Latvieðu valoda kâ noklusçtâ konsoles valoda
Uzmanîbu! Zemâkaprakstîtais variants nestrâdâ perfekti, kaut arî îstais fonts
un tastatûras karte ielâdçjas pareizi, specifiskâs rakstzîmes neattçlojas
pareizi. Nepiecieðama --acm straight-to-font opcijas aktivizçðana. Ja kâds ir
panâcis nevainojamu latvieðu rakstîbas darbîbu konsolç arî pçc datora
pârstartçðanas, ziòojiet.
Bûtu ïoti neçrti katru reizi, kad vien mums ir nepiecieðama latvieðu valoda
konsoles reþîmâ, izpildît lvkonsole. Lai konsolç varçtu vienmçr rakstît
latvieðu valodâ, nepiecieðams izdarît nelielas izmaiòas sistçmas konfigurâcijas
failos.
Tâpçc rediìçjam failu /etc/sysconfig/i18n tâ, lai sanâk
SYSFONT=lv
Un attiecîgi failu /etc/sysconfig/keyboard, lai iegûtu, ka
KEYTABLE=lv-latin7
Rezultâtâ latvieðu valodas atbalsts arî konsolç ir realizçts.
3.4 Daþu programmu pielâgoðana darbam latvieðu valodâ
Ãajâ nodaïâ tiks sniegta informâcija, kâ jâizmaina daþu lietojumprogrammu
konfigurâcijas faili, lai tâs darbotos pienâcîgi latvieðu valodas reþîmâ.
Piezîme - pats gan neesmu lielu daïu zemâkaprakstîto darbîbu veicis, tâ kâ... :
-> ja darbojas vai nedarbojas, vai jums ir padomâ vçl kâdas lietderîgas
programmu konfigurâcijas failu izmaiòas, kuras bûtu nepiecieðams veikt labâkas
latvieðu valodas darbîbas nodroðinâðanai konsoles reþîmâ, rakstiet man.
bash:
Ja /etc/inputrc faila uzstâdîjumi atðÃiras no zemâkparâdîtajiem, bûtu
lietderîgi pievietot savam ~/.inputrc failam:
set meta-flag on
set convert-meta off
set input-meta on
set output-meta on
Jebkurâ citâ gadîjumâ tam nebûs nozîmes.
elm:
Pievienojiet sekojoðo savam ~/.elm/elmrc failam:
charset = iso-8859-13
displaycharset = iso-8859-13
textencoding = 8bit
Daþâm elm versijâm tas var nestrâdât. Varat iegût daïçju MIME atbalstu
iekð elm, ja lietosiet metamail.
joe:
Palaidiet komandu kâ
joe -asis
vai pievienojiet savam ~/.joerc failam:
-asis
metamail:
Iestâdiet sekojoðo mainîgo:
MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-13
nn:
Uzstâdiet savâ ~/.nn/init failâ:
set data-bits 8
pine:
Setup -> Config Atrodiet character-set un ierakstiet iso-8859-13.
Tas ir teorçtiski pareizs risinâjums, taèu pagaidâm var radît liekas
problçmas jûsu korespondentiem, tâpçc var mçìinât iso-8859-13 vietâ
rakstît windows-1257.
rlogin:
Palaidiet komandu lîdzîgi kâ
rlogin -8 foo.bar.lv
sendmail:
Pievienojiet (vai atkomentçjiet) savâ /etc/sendmail.cf failâ:
O SevenBitInput=False
O EightBitMode=pass8
O DefaultCharSet=iso-8859-13
mc:
Options -> Display bits... Ieslçdziet Full 8 bits output un Full 8 bits
input. Neaizmirstiet saglabât jauno konfigurâciju.
telnet:
Ievietojiet ðâda veida rindu savâ ~/.telnetrc failâ katrai adresei, kurai
vçlaties pieslçgties, lietojot telnet:
<hostname> set outbinary true
Piemçrs:
localhost set outbinary true
foo.bar.lv set outbinary true
tin:
Pievienojiet sekojoðo savam ~/.tin/headers failam:
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-13
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
4. Netscape
Parasti problçmas, ar kâdâm lietotâjiem nâkas saskarties, izmantojot Netscape
lielâ informâcijas tîmekïa pârlûkprogrammu, ir sekojoðâs - vai nu lapâs, kur
vajadzçtu parâdîties tekstam latvieðu valodâ, ir redzamas daudzas jautâjumu
zîmes, vai arî, ja iepriekðminçto problçmu kaut kâ ir izdevies novçrst, tad
latvieðu burtu vietâ ir redzamas Ãeburiem lîdzîgas rakstu zîmes. Ãîs nepilnîbas
tad kopîgiem spçkiem centîsimies novçrst. Protams, lai gûtu cerçto rezultâtu,
arî bez latvieðu fontiem neiztikt. Ja nevçlaties mocîties ar Netscape
latviskoðanu, variet lietot Mozilla, Galeon vai citus pârlûkus, kuriem latvieðu
valodas pareiza attçloðana nevajadzçtu sagâdât problçmas.
4.1 Nepiecieðamie faili
Lai panâktu vçlamo rezultâtu Netscape latviskoðanas sakarâ, nepiecieðams mums
bûs ðis skripts:
* NC_baltic
4.2 Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Lai varçtu ar skripta palîdzîbu veikt nepiecieðamâs izmaiòas citos failos, ir
nepiecieðamas root tiesîbas. Pietam, lai varçtu NC_baltic skriptu "iedarbinât",
vajag to pataisît palaiþamu:
$ chmod a+x NC_baltic
Kad tas ir izdarîts, palaiþam arî paðu skriptu:
# ./NC_baltic
Visur nekautrçjoties atbildam ar "yes"...
No ðî brîþa programmai Netscape vajadzçtu darboties kâ nâkas. Iestâdâm
Character set kâ Baltic (Windows 1257) un visam vajadzçtu strâdât.
5. NLS
5.1 Latvieðu lokâles
Tâtad, lai tiktu pareizi attçloti laika, datuma, valûtas u.c. formâti un lai
varçtu sekmîgi noritçt latvisko elementu ievieðana kâ GNOME & KDE, tâ arî
atseviðÃu citu programmu lietotâja saskarnç, nepiecieðams izveidot latvieðu
lokâles. Iespçjams, ka latvieðu lokâles jûsu sistçmâ jau ir saliktas tâ, kâ
vajag, ja lietojat Mandrake vai lîdzîgu distribûciju. Latvieðu lokâïu faili
atrodas /usr/share/locale/lv. Par to, vai ir iestâdîtas latvieðu lokâles,
pârliecinamies, izpildot komandu locale vai echo $LANG. Vai latvieðu lokâles ir
pieejamas sistçmai, pârliecinamies, izpildot locale -a|grep lv. Ja latvieðu
lokâles jums nav, uzstâdiet tâs, izmantojot jûsu distribûcijas piedâvâto
pakotni. Ja tas nav iespçjams, latvieðu lokâles kompilçt varam arî paði:
# localedef -c -i lv_LV -f ISO-8859-13 lv
Lai sistçma zinâtu, ka ar ðo brîdi lietojamas ir latvieðu lokâles, rediìçjam
savu .bash_profile failu (pieòemot, ka lietotâ èaula ir bash) un tam beigâs
pievienojam
LANG=lv
LC_COLLATE=lv
LC_CTYPE=lv
LC_MESSAGES=lv
LC_MONETARY=lv
LC_NUMERIC=lv
LC_TIME=lv
LC_ALL=lv
export LANG LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MESSAGES LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC
LC_TIME LC_ALL
Visai sistçmai lokâles tiek definçtas RedHat un lîdzîgiem /etc/sysconfig/i18n,
bet Debian lietotâjiem /etc/environment failâ.
Vai viss strâdâ, pârliecinâties varam, izpildot, piemçram, komandu
$ cal -m
5.2 Failu nosaukumi
Ãeit tiks sniegta informâcija par to, kâ aktvizçt failu nosaukumu pareizu
attçloðanu latvieðu valodâ (tas gan vairâk attiecas uz tâdâm failsistçmâm, kâ
FAT, ISO9660, ..)
# insmod nls_cp775
# insmod nls_iso8859-13
Ja augstâkminçtais neizdevâs, un arî paðâ kodolâ konkrçtais atbalsts jau nav
iestrâdâts, bûs nepiecieðama kerneïa pârkompilâcija ar papildus opcijâm, kas
pieejamas iekð Filesystems > Native Language Support, ISO-8859-13 un Codepage
775 atbalstam.
Rezultâtu varam pârbaudît ðâdi (Piemçrs):
# mount /dev/hda1 -t vfat -o codepage=775,iocharset=iso8859-13 /
mnt/win_c
6. GNOME & KDE
6.1 GNOME
Tâ kâ viens no LL10NT projekta virzieniem ir arî GNOMEs po moduïu tulkoðana,
tâpçc ðajâ sadaïâ tiks sniegta informâcija, kas ir jâdara ar po moduïiem, lai
arî GTK+ lietotâja saskarne bûtu latvieðu valodâ. Protams, pagaidâm vçl ðeit
latvieðu valodas atbalsts nav realizçts pilnîbâ. Tâpçc ðî nu ir tâ reize, kur
arî jûs varat sniegt atbalstu ar savu lîdzdalîbu po moduïu tulkoðanâ - darbs
bûs.
Vçl tikai nepiecieðami arî paði po moduïi, kuri iegûstami LL10NT_Komandas
GNOMEs statusa sekcijâ.
Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Lai po moduïi darbotos tâ, kâ mçs vçlamies redzçt tos darbojamies, nepiecieðams
tos pârveidot par mo moduïiem:
$ msgfmt kautkâds.po -o kautkâds.mo
Tagad, kâ jau solîts, liekam nu jau jauniegûtos mo moduïus savâs vietâs:
# cp *.mo /usr/share/locale/lv/LC_MESSAGES/
6.2 KDE
Arî darbs pie KDE tulkoðanas rit pilnâ sparâ. Interesenti, kas vçlas
lîdzdarboties sîkâku informâciju var uzzinât no Andzhas.
Îsa instrukcija problçmu novçrðanai
Bieþi vien atrisinâjums ir jaunâkâs kde-i18n-lv pakotnes uzlikðana, ar kuru tad
arî tiek realizçts K Desktop Environment latviskais atbalsts.
Ja, rakstot specifiskâs latvieðu rakstzîmes KDE aplikâcijâs, to vietâ redzat
jautâjuma zîmes, sava .bash_profile faila galâ pievienojam
export LANG=lv_LV.ISO-8859-13
vai arî sistçmas mçroga izmaiòu panâkðanai attiecîgi nomainâm mainîgâ LANG
vçrtîbu failâ /etc/sysconfig/i18n.
7. GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licence
Versija 1.1, Marts 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Autortiesîbas (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Ikvienam ir ïauts kopçt un izplatît burtiskas ðî licences
dokumenta kopijas, bet mainît to nav atïauts.
0. PREAMBULA
Ãîs Licences mçrÃis ir padarît rokasgrâmatu, mâcîbu grâmatu vai citu rakstîtu
dokumentu "brîvu" ðâdâ bîvîbas nozîmç: nodroðinot ikvienam tiesisku brîvîbu
kopçt un tâlâkizplatît to, ar vai bez tâ modificçðanas vai nu komerciâli, vai
nekomerciâli. Otrkârt, ðî Licence saglabâ autoram un izdevçjam iespçju saòemt
atzinîbu par viòu darbu, neuzskatot tos par atbildîgiem par citu veiktajâm
modifikâcijâm.
Ãî Licence ir kâ sava veida "copyleft", kas nozîmç, ka no dokumenta
atvasinâtajiem darbiem paðiem jâbût brîviem tâdâ paðâ nozîmç. Tâ papildina GNU
Vispârîgo Publisko Licenci (GNU General Public License), kas ir copyleft
licence, radîta brîvajai programmatûrai.
Mçs radîjâm ðo Licenci, lai to lietotu brîvâs programmatûras rokasgrâmatâs, jo
brîvajai programmatûrai ir vajadzîga brîva dokumentâcija: brîvai programmai
bûtu jâiznâk ar rokasgrâmatâm, nodroðinot tâs paðas brîvîbas, kuras
programmatûra. Bet ðî Licence nav ierobeþota tikai programmatûras
rokasgrâmatâm, tâ var tikt lietota jebkuram tekstuâlam darbam, neatkarîgi no tâ
tçmas vai tâ, vai tas tiek publicçts kâ drukâta grâmata. Mçs rekomendçjam ðo
Licenci, galvenokârt, darbiem, kuru nolûks ir instrukcijas vai norâdîjumi.
1. LIETOJAMÃŽBA UN TERMINI
Ãî Licence attiecas uz katru rokasgrâmatu vai citu darbu, kas satur aiz
autortiesîbu îpaðnieka atrodoðos paziòojumu, kas nosaka, ka tas var tikt
izplatîts saskaòâ ar ðîs Licences noteikumiem. "Dokuments" zemâk attiecas uz
katru ðâdu rokasgrâmatu vai darbu. Jebkurð sabiedrîbas loceklis ir licences
saòçmçjs un tiek uzrunâts uz "jûs".
Dokumenta "Modificçta Versija" nozîmç jebkuru Dokumenta vai tâ daïas saturoðu
darbu vai nu burtiski kopçtu, vai ar izmaiòâm un/vai tulkotu citâ valodâ.
"Sekundârais Paragrâfs" ir Dokumenta nosaukts pielikums vai sâkuma nozîmes
paragrâfs, kurð ekskluzîvi aplûko Dokumenta izdevçja vai autora saistîbu ar
Dokumenta kopçjo tematu (vai radniecîgiem jautâjumiem) un nesatur neko, kas
varçtu tieði ietilpt konkrçtajâ kopçjâ tematâ. (Piemçram, ja Dokuments ir pa
daïai matemâtikas mâcîbu grâmata, Sekundârais Paragrâfs nepaskaidro neko par
matemâtiku.) Saistîbas nozîme varçtu bût vçsturiskas saiknes ar tematu vai
radniecîgi jautâjumi, vai to aplûkojums no juridiska, komerciâla, filosofiska,
çtiska vai politiska viedokïa.
"Bezvariantu Paragrâfi" ir noteikti Sekundârie Paragrâfi, kuru virsraksti kâ
Bezvariantu Paragrâfus saturoði ir norâdîti paziòojumâ, kas nosaka, ka
Dokuments ir izlaists zem ðîs Licences.
"Vâku Teksti" ir noteikti, îsi teksta fragmenti, kuri norâdîti kâ Pirmâ-Vâka
Teksti vai Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Teksti paziòojumâ, kas nosaka, ka Dokuments ir
izlaists zem ðîs Licences.
"Caurspîdîga" Dokumenta kopija nozîmç maðîniski nolasâmu kopiju, attçlotu
formâtâ, kura specifikâcija ir pieejama plaðai sabiedrîbai, kura saturs var
tikt skatîts un rediìçts tieði un vienkârði ar parastiem teksta redaktoriem vai
(pikseïu veidojoðiem attçliem) parastâm krâsoðanas programmâm, vai (zîmçjumiem)
kâdu plaði pieejamu zîmçjumu redaktoru, un tâ ir piemçrota ievadei teksta
formatçtâjos vai automâtiskai tulkoðanai daþâdos formâtos, kuri piemçroti
ievadei teksta formatçtâjos. Kopija, kura veidota citâdâk kâ Caurspîdîgs faila
formâts, kura marÃçjums ticis radîts, lai kavçtu vai atrunâtu lasîtâjus no
sekojoðâs modificçðanas, nav Caurspîdîga. Kopija, kas nav "Caurspîdîga" tiek
saukta par "Necaurredzamu".
Derîgu Caurspîdîgo formâtu piemçri ietver tîru ASCII bez marÃçjuma, Texinfo
ievades formâtu, LaTeX ievades formâtu, SGML vai XML, lietojot publiski
pieejamos DTD, un standartam atbilstoðs vienkârðs HTML, kas radîts cilvçciskai
modifikâcijai. Necaurredzamie formâti ietver PostScript, PDF, patentçtçtus
formâtus, kurus var lasît un rediìçt tikai patentçti teksta redaktori, SGML vai
XML, kam DTD un/vai apstrâdes rîki nav vipârçji pieejami, un maðîniski ìenerçts
HTML, kuru izveidojis kâds teksta redaktors tikai izvades nolûkâ.
"Titullapa" nozîmç drukâtâm grâmatâm, paðu titullapu plus tâdas turpmâkâs
lapas, kuras nepiecieðamas, lai salasâmi saturçtu to materiâlu, kam ðî Licence
pieprasa parâdîties titullapâ. Darbiem, kuru formâtos nav titullapas kâ tâdas,
"Titullapa" nozîmç tekstu tuvu vissaredzamâkajam darba virsrakstam pirms teksta
daïas sâkuma.
2. BURTISKA KOPÇÃANA
Jûs varat kopçt un izplatît Dokumentu jebkurâ veidâ vai nu komerciâli, vai
nekomerciâli, nodroðinot, ka ðî Licence, autortiesîbu atzîmes un licences
paziòojums, kurð apgalvo, ka ðî Licence attiecas uz Dokumentu, tiek reproducçts
visâs kopijâs un ka jûs nepievienosiet citus nosacîjumus jebkuram no ðajâ
Licencç esoðajiem. Jûs nedrîkstiet uzlikt tehniskus ierobeþojumus, lai kavçtu
vai kontrolçtu lasîðanu vai tâlâku kopçðanu tâm kopijâm, kuras jûs izveidojat
vai izplatât. Tomçr jûs varat pieòemt kompensâciju pret kopiju apmaiòu. Ja jûs
izplatât pietiekami lielu daudzumu kopiju, jums ir jâseko arî nosacîjumiem 3.
daïâ.
Jûs varat arî aizdot kopijas pçc tâdiem paðiem nosacîjumiem, kâdi noteikti
augstâk, un jûs varat publiskti izstâdît kopijas.
3. KOPÇÃANA LIELÂ DAUDZUMÂ
Ja jûs publicçjat drukâtas skaitliski vairâk kâ 100 Dokumenta kopijas, un
Dokumenta licences nosacîjumi pieprasa Vâku tekstus, jums kopiju vâkos skaidri
un salasâmi jâiekïauj visi ðie Vâku Teksti: Pirmâ-Vâka Teksts uz pirmâ vâka un
Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Teksts uz pçdçjâ vâka. Abiem vâkiem arî skaidri un salasâmi
jâidentificç jûs kâ ðo kopiju izdevçju. Pirmajâ vâkâ jâparâdâs pilnam
nosaukumam, visiem nosaukuma vârdiem esot vienâdi izceltiem un saredzamiem. Jûs
varat pievienot papildus materiâlu vâka tekstiem. Kopçðana ar izmaiòâm, kas
skar tikai vâkus, kamçr tie satur Dokumenta nosaukumu un apmierina ðos
nosacîjumus, citâdâ ziòâ var tikt uzskatîta par burtisku kopçðanu.
Ja nepiecieðamie teksti kâdâ no vâkiem ir pârâk apjomîgi, lai salasâmi tajos
ietilptu, jums vajadzçtu pirmos sarakstâ likt (tik daudz, cik saprâtîgi
iekïaujas) uz attiecîgâ vâka un pârçjo uz blakus lapâm.
Ja jûs publicçjat vai izplatât Necaurredzamas skaitliski vairâk kâ 100
Dokumenta kopijas, jums ir vai nu jâiekïauj maðîniski lasâma Caurspîdîga kopija
kopâ ar katru Necaurredzamo kopiju, vai jâpaziòo katrâ vai ar katru
Necaurredzamo kopiju publiski pieejama vieta datortîklâ, kurâ atrodama pilna
Caurspîdîga Dokumenta kopija brîva no pievienotâ materiâla, pie kuras
vispârçjai tîklu lietojoðai sabiedrîbai ir pieeja anonîmi lejuplâdçt to bez
maksas, lietojot publiskâ standarta tîkla protokolus. Ja lietojat pçdçjo
iespçju, jums jâveic nepiecieðamie piesardzîbas soïi, kad sâkat Necaurredzmas
kopijas izplatîðanu lielâ daudzumâ, lai nodroðinâtu, ka ðî Caurspîdîgâ kopija
bûs tâdçjâdi pieejama norâdîtajâ vietâ vçl vismaz gadu pçc pçdçjâs reizes, kad
izplatîjât (tieði vai caur saviem aìentiem, vai mazumtirgotâjiem) Necaurredzmas
kopijas tirâþu sabiedrîbai.
Ir ieteicams, bet ne nepiecieðams, ka jûs kontaktçjaties ar Dokumenta autoru
jau laikus pirms tâlâkizplatot jebkâdu lielu daudzumu kopiju, lai dotu viòam
iespçju nodroðinât jûs ar uzlabotu Dokumenta versiju.
4. MODIFIKÂCIJAS
Jûs varat kopçt un izplatît Dokumenta Modificçtu Versiju saskaòâ ar
augstâkesoðajiem 2. un 3. daïas noteikumiem, ja jûs publicçjat Modificçto
Versiju precîzi zem ðîs Licences, Modificçtajai Versijai pildot to paðu lomu,
ko Dokumentam, tâdçjâdi licecçjot Modificçtas Versijas izplatîðanu un
modificçðanu ikvienam, kuram pieder tâs kopija. Papildus Modificçtajâ Versijâ
jums jâpaveic sekojoðais:
* A. Titullapâ (un vâkos, ja tâdi ir) lietojiet atðÃirîgu nosaukumu no tâ, kâds
ir Dokumentam un tâ iepriekðçjâm versijâm (kurâm bûtu, ja tâdas ir bijuðas,
jâbût norâdîtâm Dokumenta Vçstures paragrâfâ). Jûs variet lietot to paðu
nosaukumu, kâds bijies iepriekðçjâ versijâ, ja tâs versijas oriìinâla
izdevçjs dod tam atïauju.
* B. Sarindojiet Titullapas sarakstâ kâ autorus vienu vai vairâkas personas vai
subjektus atbildîgus par Modificçtâs Versijas izmaiòu autorîbu kopâ ar vismaz
pieciem Dokumenta pamatautoriem (visiem tâ pamatautoriem, ja tam to ir mazâk
par pieciem).
* C. Norâdiet Modificçtâs Versijas Titullapâ izdevçja vârdu kâ izdevçju.
* D. Saglabâjiet visus Dokumenta autortiesîbu paziòojumus.
* E. Savâm modifikâcijâm pievienojiet atbilstoðu autortiesîbu paziòojumus
blakus citiem autortiesîbu paziòojumiem.
* F. Ievietojiet tûlît aiz autortiesîbu paziòojumiem licences paziòojumu, dodot
publisku atïauju lietot Modificçto Versiju saskaòâ ar ðîs Licences
noteikumiem, tâdâ formâ, kâ tas parâdîts zemâkesoðajâ Pielikumâ.
* G. Saglabâjiet tajâ licences paziòojumâ Bezvariantu Paragrâfu un nepiecieðamo
Vâka Tekstu pilnu sarakstu, kâds dots Dokumenta licences paziòojumâ.
* H. Iekïaujiet nemainîtu ðîs Licences kopiju.
* I. Saglabâjiet paragrâfu ar nosaukumu "Vçsture" un tâ nosaukumu, un
pievienojiet tam punktu, kurð ietver vismaz nosaukumu, gadu, Modificçtâs
Versijas jaunos autorus un izdevçjus, kâ norâdîts Titullapâ. Ja Dokumentâ nav
tada paragrâfa ar nosaukumu "Vçsture", izveidojiet tâdu, norâdot nosaukumu,
gadu, Dokumenta autorus un izdevçju, kâ tas redzams tâ Titullapâ, tad
pievienojiet punktu, kurð apraksta Modificçto Versiju, kâ norâdîts
iepriekðçjâ teikumâ.
* J. Saglabâjiet tîkla vietu, ja tâda norâdîta Dokumentâ, publiskai pieejai pie
Dokumenta Caurspîdîgâs kopijas un tâpat arî Dokumentâ norâdîtâs tîkla vietas
iepriekðçjâm versijâm, uz kurâm tas ir bâzçts. Tâs var tikt ievietotas
"Vçstures" paragrâfâ. Jûs varat izlaist tâda darba tîkla vietu, kas ticis
publicçts vismaz èetrus gadus pirms paða Dokumenta, vai arî ja oriìinâlâs
versijas izdevçjs, uz kuru tas atsaucas, dod tam atïauju.
* K. Ikvienâ paragrâfâ ar nosaukumu "Pateicîbas" vai "Veltîjumi", saglabâjiet
paragrâfa nosaukumu, visu tâ saturu un katra lîdzstrâdnieka pateicîbâs un/vai
veltîjumos ietverto nozîmes nokrâsu.
* L. Saglabâjiet visus Dokumenta Bezvariantu Paragrâfus nemainîgus to tekstâ un
nosaukumos. Paragrâfu numuri vai tamlîdzîgi netiek uzskatîti kâ daïas no
paragrâfu nosaukumiem.
* M. Izdzçsiet jebkuru paragrâfu ar nosaukumu "Indosamenti". Ãâds paragrâfs
nedrîkst tikt iekïauts Modificçtajâ Versijâ.
* N. Nepârsauciet nevienu eksistçjoðo paragrâfu par "Indosamentu", vai lai
konfliktçtu ar jebkuru Bezvariantu Paragrâfa nosaukumu.
Ja Modificçtâ Versija ietver jaunus sâkuma nozîmes paragrâfus vai pielikumus,
kas kvalificçjami kâ Sekundârie Paragrâfi un nesatur no dokumenta kopçtu
materiâlu, jûs varat pçc savas izvçles daþus vai visus no tiem paragrâfiem
padarît par bezvariantu. Lai to izdarîtu, pievienojiet to nosaukumus
Modificçtâs Versijas licences paziòojuma Bezvariantu Paragrâfu sarakstam. Ãiem
nosaukumiem jâbut atðÃirîgiem no jebkuriem citiem paragrâfu nosaukumiem.
Jûs varat pievienot paragrâfu ar nosaukumu "Indosamenti", nodroðinot, ka tas
nesaturçs neko citu, kâ tikai jûsu Modificçtâs Versijas daþâdu puðu
indosamentus - piemçram, paziòojumus par otreizçju caurskatîðanu vai arî, ka
kâda organizâcija tekstu ir apstiprinâjusi kâ autoritatîvi noteiktu standartu.
Jûs varat pievienot fragmentu lîdz pieciem vârdiem kâ Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstu, un
fragmentu lîdz 25 vârdiem kâ Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstu Modificçtâs Versijas Vâku
Tekstu saraksta beigâs. Tikai vienu Pirmâ-Vâka Teksta un vienu Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka
Teksta fragmentu var pievienot (vai noslçdzot vienoðanos) jebkurð subjekts. Ja
Dokuments jau ietver vâka tekstu tam paðam vâkam, kuru iepriekð pievienojât jûs
vai ar noslçgto vienoðanâs tas pats subjekts, kuru jûs pârstâvat, jûs nevarat
pievienot citu; bçt jûs varat veco apmainît, saòemot skaidri izteiktu atïauju
no iepriekðçjâ izdevçja, kas pievienoja veco.
Dokumenta autors(i) un izdevçjs(i) saskaòâ ar ðo Licenci nedod atïauju lietot
viòu vârdus reklâmai vai lai aizstâvçtu vai norâdîtu uz Modificçtâs Versijas
indosamentu.
5. DOKUMENTU APVIENOÃANA
Jûs varat apvienot Dokumentu ar citiem dokumentiem, kuri izlaisti zem ðîs
Licences, saskaòâ ar augstâkesoðâ 4. nodaïas noteikumiem par modificçtajâm
versijâm, nodroðinot, ka jûs iekïaujat visu Bezvariantu Paragrâfu apvienojumu
no visiem oriìinâlajiem dokumentiem nemainîtu un norâdiet tos visus kâ
Bezvariantu Paragrâfus sava apvienotâ darba licences paziòojumâ.
Apvienotajam darbam jâsatur tikai viena ðîs Licences kopija, un vairâki
identiski Bezvariantu Paragrâfi var tikt apmainîti ar vienu to kopiju. Ja ir
vairâki Bezvariantu paragrâfi ar tâdu paðu nosaukumu, bet atðÃirîgu saturu,
padariet katra ðâda paragrâfa nosaukumu unikâlu, pievienojot tâ beigâs iekavâs,
ja zinâms, oriìinâla autora vai izdevçja vârdu vai arî unikâlu skaitli.
Izdariet tâs paðas korekcijas paragrâfu nosaukumos Bezvariantu Paragrâfu
sarakstâ apvienotâ darba licences paziòojumâ.
Apvienojumâ jums jâapvieno visi paragrâfi ar nosaukumu "Vçsture" daþâdajos
oriìinâlajos dokumentos, noformçjot tos vienâ paragrâfâ ar nosaukumu "Vçsture";
tâpat apvienojiet visus paragrâfus ar nosaukumu "Pateicîbas" un visus
paragrâfus ar nosaukumu "Veltîjumi". Jums jâizdzçð visi paragrâfi ar nosaukumu
"Indosaments".
6. DOKUMENTU KOLEKCIJAS
Jûs varat izveidot Dokumenta un citu dokumentu, kuri izlaisti zem ðîs Licences,
saturoðu kolekciju un aizstât individuâlâs ðîs Licences kopijas daþâdajos
dokumentos ar vienu tâs kopiju, kas iekïauta kolekcijâ, nodroðinot, ka jûs
visâdâ ziòâ sekojat ðîs Licences noteikumiem par katra dokumenta burtisku
kopçðanu.
Jûs varat atdalît vienu dokumentu no ðâdas kolekcijas un izplatît to
individuâli saskaòâ ar ðo Licenci, nodroðinot, ka jûs ievietojiet ðîs Licences
kopiju atdalîtajâ dokumentâ un visâdâ ziòâ sekojiet ðai Licencei attiecîbâ uz
tâ dokumenta burtisku kopçðanu.
7. APKOPOJUMS AR NEATKARÃŽGIEM DARBIEM
Dokumenta vai tâ atvasinâjumu kompilâcija ar citiem atseviðÃiem un neatkarîgiem
dokumentiem vai darbiem atmiòas tilpnç vai izplatâmajâ medijâ kopumâ neskaitâs
kâ Dokumenta Modificçta Versija, nodroðinot, ka nekâdas kompilâcijas
autortiesîbas kompilâcijai netiek pieprasîtas. Tâda kompilâcija tiek saukta par
"apkopojumu", un ðî Licence neattiecas uz citiem paðietvertajiem darbiem, kuri
iekïauti kopâ ar Dokumentu, tikai dçï tâ, ka tie tâdçjâdi ir apkopoti, ja tie
paði par sevi nav no Dokumenta atvasinâtie darbi.
Ja Vâku Tekstu prasîbas 3. nodaïâ ir attiecinâmas uz ðîm Dokumenta kopijâm,
tad, ja Dokuments ir mazâk kâ viena ceturtdaïa no visa apkopojuma, Dokumenta
Vâka Teksti var tikt novietoti uz vâkiem, kuri apkopojumâ iekïauj tikai paðu
Dokumentu. Citâdi tiem jâparâdâs uz visa apkopojuma apkârtçjiem vâkiem.
8. TULKOJUMS
Tulkojums tiek uzskatîts kâ sava veida modificçjums, tâpçc jûs varat izplatît
Dokumenta tulkojumus saskaòâ ar 4. nodaïas noteikumiem. Bezvariantu Paragrâfu
aizstâðanai ar to tulkojumiem nepiecieðama îpaða atïauja no to autortiesîbu
turçtâjiem, bet jûs varat iekïaut daþu vai visu Bezvariantu Paragrâfu
tulkojumus papildus to Bezvariantu Paragrâfu oriìinâlajâm versijâm. Jûs varat
iekïaut ðîs Licences tulkojumu, nodroðinot, ka jûs iekïaujat arî ðîs Licences
Angliko versiju. Nesakritîbu gadîjumâ starp tulkojumu un oriìinâlo Anglisko ðîs
Licences versiju jâvadâs pçc oriìinâlâs Angliskâs versijas.
9. IZBEIGÃANÂS
Jûs nedrîkstat kopçt, modificçt, sublicencçt vai izplatît Dokumentu savâdâk, kâ
noteikts ðajâ Licencç. Jebkurð cits mçìinâjums kopçt, modificçt, sublicencçt
vai izplatît Dokumentu zaudç spçku un automâtiski izbeidz jûsu tiesîbas saskaòâ
ar ðo Licenci. Taèu pusçm, kuras saòçmuðas kopijas vai tiesîbas no jums saskaòâ
ar ðo Licenci, viòu licences neizbeigsies tik ilgi, kamçr ðîs puses darbosies
pilnîgâ saskaòâ ar tâm.
10. TURPMÂKIE ÃÃŽS LICENCES PÂRSTRÂDÂTIE IZDEVUMI
Brîvâs Programmatûras Fonds laiku pa laikam var publicçt jaunas, pârstrâdâtas
GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licences versijas. Ãâdas jaunâs versijas pçc bûtîbas
bûs lîdzîgas paðreizçjajai versija, bet detaïas var atðÃirties, lai noregulçtu
jaunâs problçmas vai nepilnîbas. Apskati http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Katrai Licences versijai tiek pieðÃirts atðÃirîgs versijas numurs. Ja Dokuments
norâda, ka uz to attiecas noteikta Licences versija "vai jebkura vçlâka
versija", jums ir izvçle sekot nosacîjumiem un noteikumiem tajâ noteiktajâ
versijâ vai arî jebkurâ vçlâkâ versijâ, kuru publicçjis (ne kâ projektu) Brîvâs
Programmatûras Fonds. Ja Dokuments nenorâda Licences versijas numuru, jûs varat
izvçlçties jebkuru versiju, ko jebkad publicçjies (ne kâ projektu) Brîvâs
Programmatûras Fonds.
ADDENDUM: Kâ lietot ðo Licenci jûsu dokumentos
Lai lietotu ðo Licenci Dokumentâ, kuru jûs esat uzrakstîjis, iekïaujiet
dokumentâ Licences kopiju un ievietojiet sekojoðos autortiesîbu un licences
paziòojumus tieði pçc titullapas:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
LIST.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
Autortiesîbas (c) GADS JÛSU VÂRDS.
Tiek dota atïauja kopçt, izplatît un/vai modificçt ðo dokumentu
saskaòâ
ar GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licences, Versijas 1.1 vai jebkuras
vçlâkas
versijas, kuru publicçjis Brîvâs Programmatûras Fonds,
nosacîjumiem;
ar ðâdiem Bezvariantu Paragrâfiem NORÂDI TO NOSAUKUMUS, ar ðâdiem
Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem NORÂDI un ar ðâdiem Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstiem
NORÂDI.
Licences kopija ir iekïauta paragrâfâ ar nosaukumu "GNU
Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licence".
Ja jums nav Bezvariantu Paragrâfu, rakstiet "bez Bezvariantu Paragrâfiem" tâ
vietâ, lai norâdîtu, kuri ir bezvariantu. Ja jums nav Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstu,
rakstiet "bez Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem" "ar ðâdiem Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem NORÂDI"
vietâ; tâpat attiecîgi arî par Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstiem.
Ja jûsu dokuments satur sareþìîtâkus programmas koda piemçrus, mçs rekomendçjam
izlaist ðos piemçrus paralçli zem brîvâs programmatûras licences pçc jûsu
izvçles, tâdas kâ GNU Vispârçjâs Publiskâs Licences, lai ïautu viòiem lietot
brîvo programmatûru.
8. GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written
document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective
freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being
considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the
document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU
General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with
manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is
not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed
by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this
License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or
a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a
matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-
Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is
released under this License.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose
contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic
text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for
drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input
to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is
called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without
markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human
modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for
which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes
only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
text.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or
noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the
license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in
all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may
accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may
publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in
covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover
Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers
must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.
The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally
prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title
of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you
should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than
100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with
each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the
Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public has
access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network
protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent
steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to
provide you with an updated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the
role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
these things in the Modified Version:
* A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may
use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
version gives permission.
* B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of
its principal authors, if it has less than five).
* C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
as the publisher.
* D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
* E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the
other copyright notices.
* F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
* G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
* H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
* I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an
item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled
"History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
* J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These
may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a
work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if
the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
* K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the
section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
* L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
considered part of the section titles.
* M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
included in the Modified Version.
* N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in
title with any Invariant Section.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document,
you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To
do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but
endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts
in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-
Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If
the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that
you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the
original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the
title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses,
the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else
a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the
various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise
combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled
"Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License
in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each
of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution
medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document,
provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a
compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their
being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the
Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the
Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround
only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers
around the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant
Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright
holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in
addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include
a translation of this License provided that you also include the original
English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original English version of this License, the original
English version will prevail.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate
your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so
long as such parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free
Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems
or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any
later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
LIST.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead
of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no
Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for
Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.